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===Sword of the Atom=== |
===Sword of the Atom=== |
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| + | Ray and Jean's marriage would become strained over time as Jean's law practice and Ray's devotion to both science and super-heroics would take time over their romance. [[Image:Atom-3-.jpg|right|thumb|Sword of the Atom-era]] Soon, Jean would begin an affair with her fellow lawyer [[Paul Hoben (New Earth)|Paul Hoben]], which Ray would stumble upon one night. Realizing their marriage was on the rocks, Ray would decide to investigate White Dwarf star radiations he detected out of South America and decide to investigate it without Jean. Taking a flight with some drug runners, he would learn too much about an illegal cocaine field and prompting the pilots to attempt to kill Ray. However, the pilot would be shot and Ray would jump ship and shrink down to Atom size. Ray would be struck by lightning trapping him at a height of six inches. The plane would crash, and because one of the men aboard stole one of Ray's rings, the world would presume him dead and Jean would go on with her life and pursue her relationship with Paul. Ray meanwhile would find himself captured by aliens known as the [[Morlaidhans]], small aliens who's ancestors were left on Earth centuries ago and live in a world of high technology and barbarism. With a revolt immanent, Ray would be captured along with members of a resistance led by [[Taren (Earth-One)|Taren]]<ref>{{c|Sword of the Atom #1}}</ref>. |
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| + | Forced into gladiator battles, Ray would learn the Moralaidhans language and befriend Taren and learn that he hoped to overthrow their leader [[Caellich (Earth-One)|Caellich]] and marry princess [[Laethwen (New Earth)|Laethwen]]. The two men would become unknowing pawns of [[Deraegis (Earth-One)|Deraegis]] who would seek to cause the people to revolt against Caellich so that he could rule. To this end, he would blind Taren, causing the people to protest. Taren, Atom, and Laethwen would escape the arena and flee into the jungles where they would reunite with the rebels<ref>{{c|Sword of the Atom #2}}</ref>. Knowing his end is near, Taren would turn over leadership of the rebels to Atom, and perish while the group fled an army of carnivorous ants. Atom and Laethwen would soon fall in love with each other. Atom would lead the warriors on to Moralaidh to launch a revolition<ref>{{c|Sword of the Atom #3}}</ref>. In the final battle, both Caellich and Deraegis would be slain, but not before Deraegis would activate an old star drive powered by a white dwarf star fragment. Attempting to save his newly adopted people, Ray would dive into the plant to try and stop the reactor from exploding. However the white star radiation would cause him to grow as it irradiated him and smash his way through. Growing to near human height, Ray would frighten the people away before the reactor exploded. Restored to his normal height and in a delirium caused by radiation exposure, Ray would pass out and be found by rescuers. Waking up in the hospital, Ray would come to realize that he no longer had an interest in returning to his old life and have moved on from Jean. Having learned that Jean had come to South America looking for him he would decide to finalize their divorce and try to find Laethwen again<ref>{{c|Sword of the Atom #4}}</ref>. |
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| + | Returning to Ivy Town to settle his affairs, Ray would realize that there wold be no way to rekindle his romance with Jean. In repairing his size change belt, Ray would find that the process of shrinking would cause him great pain due to his absorption of massive amounts of white dwarf radiation and would fear that constantly changing his size could eventually kill him. Finalizing his divorce from Jean, Ray would put his money on an expedition back into South America, taking along with him writer [[Norman Brawler (New Earth)|Norman Brawler]] to chronicle the experience. The two men would run afoul of drug dealers and Ray would shrink down to Atom, giving up his normal height seemingly for the last time to help destroy the drug operation. Finding the Moralaidh tribe and being reunited with Laethwen, Ray would leave Norman to find his own way back. Norman would publish the tale in a book called "Atom's Farewell", which would become a best seller<ref>{{c|Sword of the Atom Special #1}}</ref>. |
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| + | Ray would lead Laethwen's people in building a new New Moralaidh and rebuilding the alien societies lost technology, he and Laethwen would become wed as well. However, his past life could not stay away, as when Jean would marry Paul Hoben and when the newly weds would clear out Ray's lab she would accidentally shrink herself. In order to restore her to her normal height, Paul would have Norman Brawler lead him and Jean to find Ray. However, along the way, Jean would be captured by minions of rebel leader [[Torgul (Earth-One)|Torgul]] who had captured many of the Moralaidhian women including Laethwen. Ray would lead a mission to rescue the captured women, which would end in Torgul's death, and the freedom of his people. With Jean restored to her normal height, Ray and Laethwen would wish them farewell, Ray leaving Paul with his old size changing belt<ref>{{c|Sword of the Atom Special #2}}</ref>. |
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| + | Ray would remain New Moralaidh's champion but would come at times to aid his old allies in the Justice League of America. |
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===[[Crisis on Infinite Earths]]=== |
===[[Crisis on Infinite Earths]]=== |
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==Post-Crisis== |
==Post-Crisis== |
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| + | ===Revised Origins=== |
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| + | See {{c|Secret Origins Vol 2 #29}} |
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| + | ===Power of the Atom=== |
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| ⚫ | The Katarthans and their village were soon wiped out by a horrible fire and the Atom returned to Ivy Town, only to find that one of his friends had written a book exposing Ray's secret identity in his absence.<ref>''[[Secret Origins Vol 2 29|Secret Origins #29]]'', ''[[Power of the Atom]]''</ref> After battling various foes, such as [[Strobe]], [[Humbug]], and [[Swarm]], Ray learned that a US Government agency had engineered the destruction of the Katarthans, in order to induce his return to the States.<ref>''{{cnst|Power of the Atom #17}}</ref> He avenged the Katarthans by permanently reducing the agents responsible for the massacre to six inches in height.<ref>''{{cnst|Power of the Atom #18}}''</ref> Ray returned to Ivy Town just long enough to bid his friends farewell, and then briefly went into hiding. |
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===Suicide Squad=== |
===Suicide Squad=== |
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Revision as of 23:24, 24 November 2010
History
Ray Palmer is the Atom, the Mighty Mite, a superhero with the ability to shrink to incredible sizes while retaining his full mass and density. This makes him a formidable combatant. He was a member of the original Justice League of America, where he gained a great deal of respect from his peers. Aside from his crime-fighting career, he is also one of the world's top scientific minds, a brilliant physicist. He is capable of shrinking to subatomic sizes, and explores the universe on a frontier unknown to any other man.
Earth-One
Origins
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Discovering the white dwarf star material
Ray Palmer would grow up in Ivy Town, Connecticut where he would study physics at Ivy University, studying under such such renown scientists such as Alpheus P. Hyatt[1]. He began dating law student Jean Loring[2], and the two would eventually see each other exclusively. Both graduating and working in their professions, Ray would frequently ask Jean to marry him, however she would always decline, wanting to establish herself as a lawyer before getting married and settling down.
While a physics graduate student, Ray Palmer discovered a tiny fragment of white dwarf star material that had fallen to Earth. Investigating matter compression, Ray theorized that if he were to grind a lens from this fragment and focus ultraviolet light through it, he could shrink anything struck by the light down to a fraction of its original size. Ray rushed off to his laboratory, tried the experiment, and found that it worked exactly as he had imagined, with one tiny little catch: the objects he shrunk became unstable and exploded moments later.
A couple of days later, a disillusioned Ray and some friends became trapped in a cave-in while out spelunking; Ray was forced to risk instability and use the shrinking lens on himself in order to escape the cave and save the lives of his friends. For some reason, however, Ray didn't explode and returned to his normal height. In fact, the shrinking lens worked on his body much better than he had expected, and he developed a set of control devices that gave him limited control over his weight as well as his size. Ray later hypothesized that some unknown "x-factor" in his genetic makeup prevented his atoms from becoming unstable, though many scientists now believe that Ray's ability to shrink was actually made possible by the "Metagene" possessed by all humans.[3]
Early Career
The Atom activating his size change controls
Keeping his discoveries a secret, even to his girlfriend Jean Loring, Ray would create the identity of the Atom and begin a career of crime fighting in Ivy Town, Connecticut. In his first recorded adventure, the Atom would stop the crook Carl Ballard from exploiting the tiny alien Kulan Dar, to commit his crimes. Foiling this plot, the Atom would become a trusted hero in Ivy Town, and establish a great working relationship with the local police[4]. Next, the Atom would defend the wealthy Doctor Gordon Heath from a plot against him orchestrated by his caretaker, Bates[5].
The Atom's heroics would make him an ally of the CIA, who would send him overseas to rescue Professor Anton Kraft from foreign spies[6]. Returning home he would foil crooked newspaper reporter Greg Phillips from stealing valuable chess pieces.[7]. The Atom would meet his first super-villain when battling Jason Woodrue, an exile from the Floral Dimension, who would attempt to take over the Earth with specially bred plants. The Atom would defeat Woodrue with the help of Maya Queen of the Dryads that live in the Floral Dimension[8]. Atom next stops jewel thief Bart Tranter with the help of the self proclaimed Mr. Odd[9] and recaptures Carl Ballard when he masters Kulan Dar's teleportation abilities [10].
The Atom would next be used in a bizarre plot by Amos Fortune and other villains to destroy the Justice League of America, using a de-memorizor ray to pit the Atom against the League. With the aid of the Atom, the team of heroes would defeat Fortune and his minions and elect the Atom as a member of their group[11]. Next, the Atom would have his first clash with Chronos, a criminal obsessed with time[12].
The Atom's costume is invisible when he is at normal height, only becoming visible again when he shrinks in size
Reconnecting with Professor Hyatt, Ray would learn of Hyatt's experiments with the Time Pool, a device of Hyatt's creation allowing him to "fish" for items out of a tiny portal that can bring items through time. As the Atom, Ray would travel back time to ancient Middle East where he would help a young boy named Hassan best a group of thieves and bring back a golden Dinar for Hyatt's study[13]. When Simultaneous nuclear explosions on Earth-One and a parallel world causes the two to merge, the Atom helps the JLA prevent the inhabitants of that world from destroying three major cities on Earth to prevent the cataclysm and work together to revolve the problem[14].
When visiting Happy Harbor to give a lecture as Ray Palmer, the Atom comes to the rescue of Entron Kol a visitor from a Sub-Atomic world who is trapped on Earth and uses a wish fulfillment device to try to draw help to his plight[15]. Returning to Ivy Town, the Atom foils an attempt by a crooked photographer named Elkins from framing Tom Parks for crimes he did not commit[16]. Ray would next attend a JLA meeting were the team would ponder how to get out of a dangerous scenario posed by one of their fans[17].
When Ray's colleague the world traveling Ted Ralston is turned into diamond by a strange stone he brought back from one of his expeditions, Ray would travel into the microscopic world inside the gem where he would clash with the Atlantean tyrant Karl Jat[18]. Next he would foil jewel thief Fred Harris' plot to rob a lake side community using local folklore to hoax the people into thinking the thefts were perpetuated by a ghost[19]. The Atom would next be targeted with the rest of the JLA by the Tornado Tyrant[20]. In another adventure with the Justice League, Ray would aid the League in liberating the people of the micro-world of Starzl, who's three android defenders had turned evil[21].
Back in Ivy Town, Atom would foil a plot by stage manager Howard Crane from framing former astronaut Peter Venner for crimes he did not commit[22] and in a Time Pool adventure travels back to 18th century London to foil Dick Turpin from stealing the kings gold[23]. The Atom and the rest of the JLA would next be forced into exile from the planet Earth due to the manipulations of Mr. Density, however the JLA would foil this plot, ending their exile[24]. When preventing an invasion of Earth from the Thalens, the Atom would team up with extraterrestrial lawman Hawkman and his partner Hawkgirl, forming a long lasting partnership between the trio[25].
On another Justice League case, the Atom and his fellow JLA member would clash with Spaceman X[26]. Later the Atom would be present with the JLA in their first team up with the Justice Society of America, their counterparts from Earth-Two, against the Crime Champions, a group of villains from both universes[27][28]. While on the home front, Ray would battle an escaped Dr. Light[29], stop Alfred Trask an art gallery employee working the masterpieces his employer has on display[30], would battle an evil doppelganger created of himself created out of a lab experiment gone awry[31] and thwart an attempted kidnapping of the king of France during a Time Pool adventure to the year 1609[32]. His next meeting with the JLA would be less eventful with the group relating their battle against Queen Bee while Ray would tell them of his encounter against Dr. Light[33].
Working with the CIA once again, the Atom would go to Vienna to collect the plans for a new anti-gravity metal, however exposes it as a communist plot to destroy America[34], and back home foils Doro Briggs' theft scheme involving hoaxing people into believing that she can transform into a swan[35]. The Atom aids his fellow Justice League colleagues in once more defeating and capturing their old foe Kanjar Ro[36] and Kraad the Conqueror, tyrant ruler of a sidereal dimension[37].
One of Ray Palmer's unsuccessful proposals to Jean Loring.
Back home, Ray would attend a Ivy University 10 year reunion, where he would foil Jack Archer's attempt to use hypnosis to steal a priceless Budda statue[38], followed by a cruise with Jean Loring where he would stymie invaders from Randath[39]. Next Atom and a number of his fellow JLA members would be rapidly aged by Despero, but later restored to normal following Despero's defeat at the hands of his fellow JLA members where were unaffected[40].
On the home front, Ray would find his powers being used for crime when he is temporarily the prisoner of a crook who uses his body as a power source for a ray gun[41] and later uses the Time Pool to travel to Baltimore circa 1849 where he aids Edgar Alan Poe solve a mystery involving stolen gold coins[42]. Atom would next aid the Flash in stopping an invasion of Earth by Attila-5[43]. Later the Atom and his friends in the Justice League would be manipulated by the ultra-galactic "I", an evil being who's very existence was threatened by the JLA's continued success[44].
In Ivy Town, Ray would clash once more with Chronos[45] and clear the good name of his civilian identity when he is accused of a crime he did not commit[46]. Back with the Justice League, the Atom is present when Green Lantern relates a solo adventure to the group [47] and would be among the super-powered members of the League to go on "strike" following a UN sanction preventing them from using their powers, all a plot orchestrated by the evil Headmaster Mind[48]. Still with the League, he would be present when a video created by Superman's father Jor-El, regarding the other planets he considered sending his son prior to Krypton's destruction[49].
Resuming his activities in Ivy Town, Ray would battle his own costume when it briefly gained sentience[50] and aid Doc Magnus rebuild the Metal Men and stop the evil Uranium[51]. When visiting his old classmate Ed Thayer, Atom would get caught up in an attempt by foreign spies trying to steal Thayer's Illusion-Maker device[52] and foil the teleporting Hyper-Thief's robberies[53]. Atom would also be present when the Justice League invites his ally Hawkman into the group[54] and in attendance of Aquaman's marriage to Mera[55].
Next, while on vacation the Ray would become the temporary pawn of criminal inventor Andrew Frost[56], battles Brain Storm with the JLA[57], crushes the Hooded Hijackers[58], and uses the Time Pool to travel to the 19th Century, where he comes to the rescue of writer Jules Verne[59]. Atom would become an unwilling pawn of the the Endless One, and is forced to fight some of his fellow JLA members[60] and when restored to normal becomes a victim in one of Dr. Destiny's plots to get revenge against the JLA[61].
The Atom would have to combat side-effects of his Time Pool adventures when battling the evil Phantom Mask[62], and spend a brief time thinking he was a flea in a flea circus when spies attempt to replace Ray Palmer with one of their own agents[63]. He would next aid Zatanna search for her missing father on a micro-world ruled by the Druid [64]. Later, joins with the Justice League in once more battling Brain Storm[65]. Going solo, Atom prevents crooks from benefiting from his "stool-pigeon" computer[66] and with the aid of Maya and the Dryads posing as Leprechauns, convince Arthur Ennis to fill a witness report with the police following a robbery[67]. During his next team up with Hawkman, and Hawkgirl against Matter Master, the trio of heroes would trust their secret identities to each other[68]. Atom and his fellow JLA members would team up with the JSA against the evil Johnny Thunder of Earth-One who has manipulates the Thunderbolt in creating Earth-A and the Lawless League, criminal versions of the Justice League[69][70].
The CIA once more hires the Atom to stop a group of Russian spies who are attempting to manipulate Jean Loring's father in an attempt to get at the Atom[71], and on another Time Pool to 18th century London where the Atom prevents one of Professor Hyatt's ancestors from being thrown in debters prison[72]. Atom would also aid his fellow JLA members in preventing global disaster and conflict inadvertently created by Andrew Helm's Corti-Conscience machine[73]. Acting solo, he stops a common thug named Eddie Gordon from enslaving the Bat-Knights of the Elvaran people[74]. Atom next helps Batman, Robin, and Elongated Man capture "Numbers" Garvey and his gang[75].
The Atom also aided the Justice League in defeating the Key during his attack[76]. Returning to Ivy Town, the Atom makes up a story about alien invaders to make the return of a radion-ball sound like a more exciting adventure[77] and foils a robbery plot orchestrated by groundskeeper Billy Knowels[78]. Atom's powers were briefly pilfered by Professor Ivo in a plot against the Flash, when the Flash related the story to his fellow JLA members including the Atom, they were unaware as they were not using their powers at the time[79]. Next Atom would join the Justice League and Metamorpho in battling the Unimaginable[80].
After liberating the Floral Dimension and Earth from destruction at the hands of Jason Woodrue[81] the Atom would join the JLA in curing Batman, Green Lantern, and Flash from a plague infected upon them by the Unimaginable[82]. Atom would return to Ivy Town, to foil a series of robberies orchistrated by Bill Jameson, the so-called "Man in the Ion-Mask"[83]. Working with the CIA once more, the Atom would travel to Russia to foil Boris Kalumchuk's plot to poison America with irradiated gold[84]. Ray would next join the Justice League of America in their battle against the Shaggy Man[85].
Engagement to Jean Loring
Back in Ivy Town, the Atom would earn a new villain in the Bug-Eyed Bandit, during this adventure Jean would eventually accept Ray's proposal for marriage for fear that Ray would eventually become too absorbed in his work to ask her anymore[86]. When both Earth-One and Earth-Two are threatened by the Anti-Matter Man, the Atom would be part of the Justice League and Justice Society members gathered to combat the threat[87][88].
Going solo in Ivy Town once more, the Atom would crush the Panther Gang[89] and going on another Time Pool journey to 18th century France where he foils an assassination attempt against Benjamin Franklin[90]. Returning to the JLA, the Atom would aid them in stopping The Lord of Time from manipulating Viet Nam war hero Sgt. Eddie Brent[91]. Returning home, Atom would clash with once more against his old foe Chronos[92]. Later, when the entire population of Ivy Town suddenly shrinks, Ray learns that a chunk of white dwarf star landing in the city water supply is the cause, and cures the people with no ill side effects[93]. Ray would next work together with his Earth-Two counterpart in foiling a plot by the Thinker to rob Earth-One and escape to Earth-Two[94]. At a JLA meeting, Atom, Green Lantern, Hawkman, Batman and Elongated Man would all learn that of Zatanna's success in freeing her father with the help of magical proxies that she created of the heroes following her encounter with each of them[95].
Ray would return to Ivy Town where he would stumble upon and foil another plot by Eddie Gordon to manipulate the Elvarian Bat-Kights[96]. He is also present when the JLA must face the evil Mastermind, who has turned many of the League members weapons against them[97]. Atom would team-up with Hawkman once more to search for the missing Johnny Burns, a reformed crook, to reunite him with his sick mother. During the encounter, they battle Toyboy, Johnny's evil half brought to life when Mrs. Burns is briefly endowed with mental powers following a scientific accident[98]. Rejoining the JLA, Atom would foil the Royal Flush Gang's attempt to destroy the League[99].
When paralyzed in a lab accident, Ray manages to get Jean to activate his size-control devices causing him to shrink to microscopic size, freeing him of the paralysis. Before returning to Earth, he would save the sub-atomic people of Palonds from the evil Honds[100]. The Atom would also be present to cheer on a UN sponsored charity race between Superman and the Flash[101]. He would later team-up with his fellow JLA teammate Aquaman against the plankton creature called Galg the Destroyer[102]. After a rematch against the Bug-Eyed Bandit[103], the Atom would team-up with the Elongated Man against Chronos[104]. After battling the Big Gang[105], witnessing another race between Superman and the Flash[106], foiling "Smarts" and his gang[107], Atom has another Time Pool adventure to London to prevent Colonel Tom Blood from stealing the kings jewels from the Tower of London[108].
The Atom would be one of the members of the Justice League enslaved by Queen Bee, until they are saved by Batgirl[109]. In another revenge plot against the Justice League, Dr. Destiny would briefly switch bodies with some of their greatest foes. For a time, Atom would be forced to trade bodies with Jason Woodrue, until Dr. Destiny's ultimate defeat[110]. When twin transmitter towers on Earth-One and Earth-Two cause people to rapidly age either forward or backward, Earth-Two's Atom would have to briefly battle a young and hot-headed Ray Palmer before destroying the towers and returning everyone back to normal[111]. Atom would next work with Batman in foiling the Cannoner from robbing the Brotherhood Express[112]. The Atom would also be involved in a Justice League case where the group would get embroiled in a gang war between the Pyrotekniks and the Bulleteers in a complex scheme hatched by mobster Leo Locke[113].
The Atom would soon gain an unusual ally in his next adventure, Major Mynah, a mynah bird that he meets foiling a group of Viet Cong soldiers from raiding a Cambodian temple while on an archeological dig in the region. With the bird injured in the battle, Atom takes the helpful creature to Hawkman who replaces the birds broken wings with mechanical ones. Major Mynah would become a pet of Ray's, following him in both his civilian and costumed identities. After helping the Atom capture crooks, Major Mynah's involvement almost tips Jean off to Ray's secret identity and so he comes up with a method of disguising Mynah for future adventures.[114]. The Atom would return to the Justice League and foil the Key's plot of using Superman to destroy the JLA[115] and later battle Dr. Anomaly[116]. Ray and Major Mynah would next go into action to stop an invasion from the alien Physalians from feeding on the humans they have captured[117]. The Atom is one of the JLA members seemingly killed by T.O. Morrow, he is restored to life following Morrow's defeat at the hands of the JSA, their new ally Red Tornado and surviving members of the JLA[118].
Justice League Mainstay
As time would go on, Ray would eventually get involved in less frequent solo adventures, often teaming up with either Hawkman or getting involved in many of the Justice League's cases.
Ray would join Carter and Sheira Hall to Mexico city on vacation and would do battle Telka and his followers[119]. With the Justice League, the Atom would battle the laughable Generalissimo Demmy Gog of Offalia, in a pathetic attempt to conquer the world[120]. The Atom would next be hired by the FBI to break up a spy ring, he would succeed thanks to the intervention of Major Mynah. This would mark the Atom's last use of Major Mynah, the birds ultimate fate is unknown[121]. Atom also finds himself involved in a revenge plot enacted by criminal Jason Madden, who attempts to kill his former accomplice Chuck Wheeler[122]. Atom would aid the Justice League in clearing Green Arrow's name in a murder frame-up plotted by Headmaster Mind and the Tatooed Man[123]. Ray would also be party in a Justice League investigation of the new costumed vigilante known as The Creeper[124].
While attending a science convention with Carter Hall, Ray and Carter would be attacked by a man resembling Carter. This would get them embroiled in a battle against the Shiva, Hindu goddess of destruction, who with her army of Nether-Men is attempting to win back worship of humanity. Through the efforts of the Atom, Hawkman and Hawkgirl the plot is thwarted[125]. The Atom would join his fellow Justice League colleagues in traveling to Mars and aiding their comrade Martian Manhunter against the evil Commander Blanx, a battle that would end in J'onn J'onzz's resignation from the team[126]. Ray next goes into action as the Atom to foil a plot by rival university professor Horace McByrd to discredit Ray among his peers[127]. Ray next joins the JLA and Hawkgirl in saving Hawkman who has been turned into salt by a group of demons, fighting off their minions a biker gang known as the Grusome Ghouls in the process[128]. When Professor Heinrich Von Rilk is almost assaulted by Ivy University Students for destroying an electron-microscope, Ray learns that Von Rilk did it to prevent an invasion from a microscopic world. Investigating the claims as the Atom, Ray confirms Heinrich's story, and stops the invasion by defeating it's vanguard, a creature known as Ag[129]. Atom would be among the members of the Justice League and Justice Society who would ban together to save both universes from the threat of Aquarius, a living star creature bent on revenge for being exiled by his superiors[130][131].
When Jean Loring is kidnapped by the people of Jimberen, a microscopic world who believe that she is the descendant of their ruler, Atom and Hawkman team-up to rescue her. However, due to the radiation the people of Jimberen expose Jean to, she is driven insane from the ordeal. With technology on Hawkman and Hawkgirl's homew world of Thanagar making it possible to cure Jean, Atom would entrust her to the care of Hawkgirl[132].
Focusing on Justice League business, Atom would be one of the members who would accidentally have an evil duplicate of himself created out of his ego, which would battle new Justice League member Black Canary[133]. When an influential man named John Dough would attempt to turn the United States government against the JLA, manipulating Snapper Carr into betraying the group, the Atom would be involved in the conflict, which would reveal Dough to be none other than the Joker[134]. Atom and the Justice League would soon setup shop in a new base, an orbital satellite above the Earth[135].
During this time, Atom and the other members of the JLA would team up with the Vigilante against the Doomsters, aliens who threatened to pollute the Earth[136][137].
Ray would ultimately learn that Hawkgirl's quest to restore Jean's sanity on Thanagar was met with trouble when both women's souls were stolen by Norch Lor, a scientist from Thanagar who's misguided intention to save the universe from the coming "end of all things" was attempting to collect the souls of all living beings in a Ghenna Box. With the help of Tomar-Re of the Green Lantern Corps, Ray and the Justice League would restore Hawkgirl and Jean's souls to their bodies, Jean however would still remain insane[138]. Atom and Hawkman would travel together en route to Thanagar to try and get Jean the help she needs, and along the way run into the threat that Norch Lor was attempting to protect them from: The insane Jest-Master, who leaves all those in his path completely mad. With the help of the Justice League, Atom and Hawkman would defeat the Jest-Master. In the aftermath of the battle, Jean's constant exposure to Jest-Master's insanity rays would restore her sanity to normal[139]. Returning to Earth, the Atom would once more join the Justice League and the Justice Society in preventing another threat to both Earth-One and Earth-Two. This time coming from a being called Creator2, whom by utilizing Red Tornado's connection to both realities, would attempt to merge the two universes together, threatening to destroy both. Atom and his colleagues would foil this plot, however the Spectre would seemingly perish in the process[140][141].
Sword of the Atom
Ray and Jean's marriage would become strained over time as Jean's law practice and Ray's devotion to both science and super-heroics would take time over their romance.
Sword of the Atom-era
Soon, Jean would begin an affair with her fellow lawyer Paul Hoben, which Ray would stumble upon one night. Realizing their marriage was on the rocks, Ray would decide to investigate White Dwarf star radiations he detected out of South America and decide to investigate it without Jean. Taking a flight with some drug runners, he would learn too much about an illegal cocaine field and prompting the pilots to attempt to kill Ray. However, the pilot would be shot and Ray would jump ship and shrink down to Atom size. Ray would be struck by lightning trapping him at a height of six inches. The plane would crash, and because one of the men aboard stole one of Ray's rings, the world would presume him dead and Jean would go on with her life and pursue her relationship with Paul. Ray meanwhile would find himself captured by aliens known as the Morlaidhans, small aliens who's ancestors were left on Earth centuries ago and live in a world of high technology and barbarism. With a revolt immanent, Ray would be captured along with members of a resistance led by Taren[142].
Forced into gladiator battles, Ray would learn the Moralaidhans language and befriend Taren and learn that he hoped to overthrow their leader Caellich and marry princess Laethwen. The two men would become unknowing pawns of Deraegis who would seek to cause the people to revolt against Caellich so that he could rule. To this end, he would blind Taren, causing the people to protest. Taren, Atom, and Laethwen would escape the arena and flee into the jungles where they would reunite with the rebels[143]. Knowing his end is near, Taren would turn over leadership of the rebels to Atom, and perish while the group fled an army of carnivorous ants. Atom and Laethwen would soon fall in love with each other. Atom would lead the warriors on to Moralaidh to launch a revolition[144]. In the final battle, both Caellich and Deraegis would be slain, but not before Deraegis would activate an old star drive powered by a white dwarf star fragment. Attempting to save his newly adopted people, Ray would dive into the plant to try and stop the reactor from exploding. However the white star radiation would cause him to grow as it irradiated him and smash his way through. Growing to near human height, Ray would frighten the people away before the reactor exploded. Restored to his normal height and in a delirium caused by radiation exposure, Ray would pass out and be found by rescuers. Waking up in the hospital, Ray would come to realize that he no longer had an interest in returning to his old life and have moved on from Jean. Having learned that Jean had come to South America looking for him he would decide to finalize their divorce and try to find Laethwen again[145].
Returning to Ivy Town to settle his affairs, Ray would realize that there wold be no way to rekindle his romance with Jean. In repairing his size change belt, Ray would find that the process of shrinking would cause him great pain due to his absorption of massive amounts of white dwarf radiation and would fear that constantly changing his size could eventually kill him. Finalizing his divorce from Jean, Ray would put his money on an expedition back into South America, taking along with him writer Norman Brawler to chronicle the experience. The two men would run afoul of drug dealers and Ray would shrink down to Atom, giving up his normal height seemingly for the last time to help destroy the drug operation. Finding the Moralaidh tribe and being reunited with Laethwen, Ray would leave Norman to find his own way back. Norman would publish the tale in a book called "Atom's Farewell", which would become a best seller[146].
Ray would lead Laethwen's people in building a new New Moralaidh and rebuilding the alien societies lost technology, he and Laethwen would become wed as well. However, his past life could not stay away, as when Jean would marry Paul Hoben and when the newly weds would clear out Ray's lab she would accidentally shrink herself. In order to restore her to her normal height, Paul would have Norman Brawler lead him and Jean to find Ray. However, along the way, Jean would be captured by minions of rebel leader Torgul who had captured many of the Moralaidhian women including Laethwen. Ray would lead a mission to rescue the captured women, which would end in Torgul's death, and the freedom of his people. With Jean restored to her normal height, Ray and Laethwen would wish them farewell, Ray leaving Paul with his old size changing belt[147].
Ray would remain New Moralaidh's champion but would come at times to aid his old allies in the Justice League of America.
Crisis on Infinite Earths
When the evil Anti-Monitor attempted to destroy the entire multiverse, his opposing force the Monitor would sacrifice his life to shunt the five surviving realities into limbo, however they were slowly merging together causing chaos on all worlds and threatening their destruction in the process[148]. Alexander Luthor and Harbringer would gather heroes and villains from all realities in an attempt to rally their support in saving what was left of the multiverse. Atom would be among their numbers and would agree to aid in the effor[149].
Ray would be called in to examine the Red Tornado, who is recaptured by the heroes following a lengthy captivity under the Anti-Monitor who converted the android into an engine of destruction. However, despite the best efforts of the Atom and T.O. Morrow, the Red Tornado would self destruct, causing massive damage to the JLA Satellite, and apparently destroying the Red Tornado[150].
Later on in the Crisis, when a united group of super-villains from each surviving reality would attempt to conquer each earth, Atom would be among a group of super-heroes dispatched to Earth-S to attempt to quell the uprising in that reality[151]. Although the heroes there were made prisoner, the Atom would be part of a counter attack of heroes that were uncaptured, and would succeed in freeing Billy Batson allowing the boy to change into Captain Marvel and turn the tides of battle[152].
Changes Caused By Crisis on Infinite Earths
Following the defeat of the Anti-Monitor, the surviving parallel worlds were combined to create a new universe. While, much of the Atom's Pre-Crisis remains the same, many of his past adventures may have been altered or erased from existence entirely. In particular, Atom's encounters with Hawkman may be different (if they still exist) given the extensive changes of Hawkman's origins, it is unknown which adventures Atom had with the Thanagarian alien Katar Hol, and how many with Carter Hall the Hawkman formally from Earth-Two.
In addition, due to the massive changes in the histories of his fellow JLA colleagues Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman, the Atom's history may have been altered by proxy and many of his adventures along side these heroes no longer be part of history.
In addition, many of the adventures that the Atom had with the Justice League of America that involved traveling to other universes, particularly their encounters with the Justice Society of America on Earth-Two, likely no longer exist, or if they do, in a vastly different manner such that the multiversal threat was simply a threat to a single unified universe.
Lastly, the Atom's encounter with his Earth-Two counterpart may no longer be part of history, or if they are, they have been altered in such a way to accommodate the notion that these adventures only happened in a single universe as opposed to having occurred on Earth-One and Earth-Two.
Post-Crisis
Revised Origins
See Secret Origins (Volume 2) #29
Power of the Atom
The Katarthans and their village were soon wiped out by a horrible fire and the Atom returned to Ivy Town, only to find that one of his friends had written a book exposing Ray's secret identity in his absence.[153] After battling various foes, such as Strobe, Humbug, and Swarm, Ray learned that a US Government agency had engineered the destruction of the Katarthans, in order to induce his return to the States.[154] He avenged the Katarthans by permanently reducing the agents responsible for the massacre to six inches in height.[155] Ray returned to Ivy Town just long enough to bid his friends farewell, and then briefly went into hiding.
Suicide Squad
The shrunken agents, now calling themselves the Micro Squad, vowed revenge on Ray. Ginsburg, one of their number, made an attempt on Ray's life, but died in the attempt. Ray approached Amanda Waller, who convinced him to fake his own death and secretly join the espionage unit known as the Suicide Squad.[156] As a part of this mission, Ray went undercover and Adam Cray served in the Suicide Squad as the new Atom. Adam was killed by Blacksnake and Ray resumed the role of the Atom.[157] Later still, he joined the then-current Justice League on a semi-active basis.[158]
Teen Titans
Ray was preceded as the Atom by Al Pratt, a member of the Justice Society of America. While Ray, and the Atoms who followed him, had shrinking powers, Al's superpower was superhuman strength. The two of them worked together occasionally during JLA/JSA team-ups. Al died during a battle against Extant in Zero Hour.[159] During this event, Ray was also hit with a blast of chrono-energy that de-aged him into a youth again.[160] He would go on to become a member of the Teen Titans.
Identity Crisis
In time, Ray and Jean were able to be friends again. In the divorce she had received half of his patents. As a gesture of friendship, Jean decided to sign them back to him. Little did he know that this was but one of many facets to Jean's deadly scheme to win Ray back. Since their divorce, Jean had somehow become seriously deranged and believed that the only way to be reunited with Ray was to force the issue. Incredibly, she devised an elaborate plan to endanger Sue Dibny, wife of Elongated Man Ralph Dibny. Jean was privy to the fact that every year on her birthday, Ralph would be absent solving a custom-tailored mystery devised by Sue. She bypassed the Dibnys' security by shrinking down and traveling via the phone lines into their home. She then entered Sue's body and obstructed the blood flow to her brain. To cover up this evidence, Jean scorched Sue's body.[161]
Ray's costume during his stint as leader of the Teen Titans
Jean knew that this event would send all the heroes scrambling to protect their loved ones and — hopefully - drive Ray back into her arms. Jean employed two other schemes to cover her tracks. First, she faked her own murder[162], then she hired Captain Boomerang to kill Robin (Tim Drake)'s father Jack. She supplied Jack Drake with a gun to defend himself, hoping that Boomerang would be killed and that everyone would believe he was Sue's killer as well. Eventually, Dr. Mid-Nite's autopsy of Sue's body revealed the truth, and the Atom himself elicited a confession from Jean after she inadvertently spilled the beans when asking about a letter sent to Jack along with the gun. Ray managed to put two and two together because Batman had taken the letter away from the crime scene even before the police arrived, so only he and the Leaguers were supposed to know of its existence. She was promptly admitted to Arkham Asylum[163]. With Jean's incarceration, Ray was overwhelmed with despair, and shrank continuously until he vanished completely into a microscopic or subatomic world.
Ray's legacy would continue on with Ryan Choi utilizing a version of his costume and shrinking device to become the current Atom for a short time.
Changes Brought on by Infinite Crisis
A number of elements regarding Ray's life prior to becoming the Atom have come to light following the creation of the New Earth multiverse, these facts are still currently being revealed.
New Earth
Countdown
During the missing year, Palmer's technology is employed by Supernova to shrink and grow in size in order to enter and exit the bottle city of Kandor.
Ray took refuge the Nanoverse, and met a young mystic who told him about the new reformed existence of the Multiverse. He traveled through different realities and find himself in Earth-51, where its heroes eradicate supercrime and create a utopian Earth. There he witness his Earth-51 counterpart's death and took his role in this reality including marrying this world's Jean Loring.
While there he study much about his Earth-51 counterpart and discover he never became the Atom and acted as a scientist consultant to the Earth-51 Justice League. Also this Ray gifted with the ability to be immune to all kinds of diseases and viruses. Furthermore, the Earth-51 Palmer worked on preventing the deadly Morticoccus Virus, and knowing that in every reality of the Multiverse there is deadly chance that the virus would appear decided to travel the Multiverse and inoculate each inhabitants with his immune system. Realizing the importance of his counterpart's work, Ray carry on Earth-51 Ray's work and travel to different worlds inoculating each denizen of every Earth with a resistance to the Morticoccus Virus.
Unknowable to Ray the Monitors and the Challengers from Beyond (Kyle Rayner, Donna Troy, Jason Todd and Bob the Monitor) were scouring the reformed Multiverse for him as they believe that he maybe the one to prevent a cataclysm known as the Great Disaster. Eventually the Challengers discover him and learns his history on Earth-51. Shortly afterword Bob reveals his intention in killing Ray. With the Challengers' help, Ray escapes but witness the death of his Earth-51 friends and his alternate wife.
Despite what the Challengers were told by the Monitors, Ray reveals to them that it was the Ray Palmer of Earth-51 who was meant to stop the Great Disaster.
After joining the Challengers, teaming up with Jimmy Olsen, Forager, Harley Quinnzel, Holly Robinson, Mary Marvel, and Firestorm on Apokolips, Ray discover that Karate Kid was infected with the Morticoccus Virus. Following the damages to the planet by the Pied Piper and Brother Eye, Ray secretly eavesdropped on Monitor Solomon and Darkseid, learning that Darkseid wanted to remake reality and Solomon wanted the Great Disaster to happen. Alerted by this, Ray returned to the others and was pressured into curing Karate Kid.
Ray and the others were then teleported back to the reconstructed Earth-51 and seek advance medical attention from Cadmus; however, once they were at Cadmus Karate Kid was already dead.
Ray helped the scientists at Cadmus in finding a cure to the Morticoccus Virus after the virus was released to the world.[164] Despite everything he has done, the Great Disaster prevailed forcing Ray and his friends to return back to their Earth.[165]
After returning to their world, Jimmy Olsen is kidnapped by Mary Marvel, who has been corrupted by Darkseid.[166] Ray hitches a ride from within Jimmy. When Darkseid takes control of Jimmy's powers, Ray locates and shuts down the control sphere inside Jimmy's brain, but is then swarmed by Apokoliptian antibodies. While escaping this onslaught, Ray discovers the "battery" containing the New God spirit energies.[167] Ray removes it from Jimmy's head and shatters it, releasing the energies.[168]
Ray later (after much cajoling) joins Donna, Kyle, and Forager in their new mission as border guards to the Multiverse, realizing that there is nothing left for him on New Earth anymore.[169] However, Palmer returns to New Earth one more time, upon realizing that his old nemesis Chronos had taken his identity to mislead a young pretender to his identity, Ryan Choi. After helping his successor to once again save Ivy Town, he returns to the Multiverse with a new sense of fulfillment, leaving his town in the hands of a new, capable hero.[170]
During the Final Crisis, Ray returns to New Earth and works with Choi again to aid in the efforts to evacuate the last free humans.[171]
Blackest Night
During the events of the Blackest Night, Ray asks Hawkman to visit his wife Jean Loring's grave to be honored as a fallen member of the community, but Hawkman refuses because of what she did in Identity Crisis.[172] Ray later called Hawkman again, over the phone (unaware that his friend has been killed and resurrected as a Black Lantern). Atom is then invited to visit Carter in order to discuss his heartache over his wife which the deceased Carter planned on killing him.[173]
Arriving at Carter's house, he was attacked by the Black Lantern Hawkman and Hawkgirl, and only escaped by miniaturizing himself and hiding in Carter's Black Lantern Ring. Ray did a thorough exploration of the ring, discovering that it was nothing like Hal's power ring, instead made of dark matter with micro-wormholes sending energy to an unknown source. Jumping out, he helped Hal and Barry Allen fight off the Black Lantern Justice Leaguers, with his compassion attracting the Black Lantern Dibnys. Ralph mocked Ray for still being love with Jean after she killed Sue, but the two Dibny Lanterns were destroyed by the Indigo Tribe, the wielders of the indigo light of compassion, then teleporting the three living Leaguers to the Hall of Justice, where they met up with Firestorm Jason Rusch and Mera. After Indigo-1, leader of the Indigo Tribe, explained that the Black Lanterns were expressions of darkness which considered the living to be invaders, Barry and Hal pointed out that Ralph and Sue had no reaction to each others' attack, leading Ray to conclude that the Black rings were some sort of organic computer that rebooted the body without restoring their essences. Before they could plan a proper counter-attack, the Black Lantern League arrived and attacked, and the Indigo Tribe teleported Hal away, leaving Ray, Barry, and Mera without a means to effectively fight the Black Lanterns.[174] Ray had almost been turned into a Black Lantern by a reanimated Batman but ultimately been protected by an unknown force. Ganthet inducts him into the Indigo Tribe as a deputy for his strong compassion.[175]
Indigo-1 claims that she can teleport the armies of each Lantern Corps onto Earth, if given time to meditate. So, the responsibility falls to Ray to protect her while she does so. Before she enters her trance, she reveals to Ray that the indigo staff and his overwhelming compassion allows him to mimic the other powers of the Lantern Corps; she demonstrates this by temporarily becoming a Red Lantern and vomiting corrosive blood all over an attacking company of Black Lanterns. She then enters her trance, while Ray fights off Black Lanterns Hawkman and Hawkgirl by temporarily becoming an Orange Lantern, loudly proclaiming "I want my friends back!" He then summons two orange energy dupicates of Khufu and Chay-Ara to help him fight off his and Indigo-1's attackers. He is briefly successful. But then Jean shows up to torment him, and she leaps into Indigo-1's ring. Ray follows her. He ends up reliving Sue Dibny's death, and is then attacked by various Black Lantern Morlaidhans, the miniscule race he befriended during his time in the Amazon jungle years before. He fights them off and--summoning the powers of a Green Lantern--destroys Jean. Indigo-1 manages to summon the various armies and thanks Ray for his help. He tells her to keep his involvement in the deployment of the troops a secret, and asks that she help him find a way to legitimately resurrect Hawkman and Hawkgirl.[176]
Character
Ray Palmer is a hard-working, dedicated man. In fact, "dedicated" is hardly the word for it; "driven" is a little closer to the truth. Once Ray starts working on a problem or puzzle, there is absolutely no stopping him. This single-minded pursuit of his goals is more than a little responsible for Ray's shattered marriage, though it has occasionally come in handy to Ray the crime fighter. In spite of his obsessiveness, Ray is a level-headed hero and a basically likable human being.
Powers and Abilities
Powers
Microscopic Stability: For some reason, Ray's physiology allows him to not explode when he is miniaturized unlike other living things which explode after a short time of being miniaturized.
Size Alteration Able to shrink his body to varying degrees (including the subatomic level). As the Atom, Ray can assume any size from his normal six-foot stature down to sub-microscopic, although he generally deems a height of six inches as most functional.
- Mass/Density Alteration: Able to instantly alter his molecular density to whatever degree he desires. Ray can also assume any weight at any height — up to his full 180 pounds. It has never been explained where his mass goes when he discards it to make himself lighter.
- Flight: at a low setting, he has been able to glide on air currents
- Superhuman Strength: at a high setting, he has been able to handle and/or strike objects with the equivalent strength of his normal size and build.
- Phone Line Travel: A favorite travel method Ray had, was to call some location on the telephone; when the intended phone answered, he could shrink down enough to literally travel through the phone lines in seconds to emerge out of the answering phone.
Abilities
Judo: Ray Palmer often finds himself in situation where physical violence become necessary. As such, he has developed a proficiency in the martial arts form known as Judo. [177]
Physics: Dr. Palmer has a Ph.D. in physics and was a full professor at Ivy University.
Master Swordsman: The Atom used a long sword as a weapon while living among the Katarthans, gaining considerable skill in its use.
Weaknesses
- Cell Phone Travel: Although Ray can travel through phone lines he can't travel through cell phones. He needs a physical wire to travel through. Cell phone's use specific electrical impulses that allow it to beam from phone to satellite which is impossible for him to follow.
Paraphernalia
Equipment
- Size Controls: (gloves and belt). Originally, Ray's size/weight controls were located in his belt buckle[178]. However, he later moved them to his gloves for greater accessibility and swifter transitions[179].
Weapons
The Atom used a long sword as a weapon while living among the Katarthans, gaining considerable skill in its use.
Indigo Tribe Power Battery/Staff, Indigo Power Ring (Formerly)
Trivia
- The Atom made a guest appearance on the "Roast" segment of the 1978 television special Legends of the Superheroes. In a segment involving gossip columnist Rhoda Rooter, the Atom (played by Alfie Wise) professes his undying love for Wonder Woman foe, Giganta.
- John "Cryptkeeper" Kassir was slated to play the role of the Atom in a 1997 Justice League of America television movie. However, the project was cancelled early in production.
Recommended Reading
- The Atom (Volume 1)
- Power of the Atom
- Sword of the Atom
- Identity Crisis
- Countdown to Final Crisis
- Teen Titans (Volume 2)
- Justice League of America (Volume 1)
- Justice League: Cry for Justice
Related
- 784 Appearances of Raymond Palmer (New Earth)
- 142 Images featuring Raymond Palmer (New Earth)
- 39 Quotations by or about Raymond Palmer (New Earth)
- Character Gallery: Raymond Palmer (New Earth)
External Links
Footnotes
- ↑ Atom #3
- ↑ Atom #36
- ↑ Showcase #34 - "Birth of the Atom!"
- ↑ Showcase #34 - "Battle of the Tiny Titans"
- ↑ Showcase #35 - "The Dooms From Beyond"
- ↑ Showcase #36 - "Prisoner in a Test Tube!"
- ↑ Showcase #36 - "The 'Disappearing Act' Robberies"
- ↑ Atom #1 - "Master of the Plant World"
- ↑ Atom #2 - "The Oddest Man on Earth"
- ↑ Atom #2 - "The Prisoners Who Vanished"
- ↑ Justice League of America #14 - "The Menace of the 'Atom' Bomb"
- ↑ Atom #3 - "The Time Trap"
- ↑ Atom #3 - "The Secret of 'Al Atom's' Lamp"
- ↑ Justice League of America #15 - "The Challenge of the Untouchable Aliens"
- ↑ Atom #4 - "The Machine That Made ‘Miracles’"
- ↑ Atom #4 - "The Case of the Innocent Thief"
- ↑ Justice League of America #16 - "The Cavern of Deadly Spheres"
- ↑ Atom #5 - "The Diamond of Deadly Dooms"
- ↑ Atom #5 - "The Specter of 3000-Moons Lake"
- ↑ Justice League of America #17 - "The Triumph of the Tornado Tyrant"
- ↑ Justice League of America #18 - "Journey into the Micro-World"
- ↑ Atom #6 - "The Riddle of the Two-Faced Astronaut"
- ↑ Atom #6 - "The Highwayman and the Mighty Mite"
- ↑ Justice League of America #19 - "The Super-Exiles of Earth"
- ↑ Atom #7 - "The Case of the Cosmic Camera"
- ↑ Justice League of America #20 - "The Mystery of Spaceman X"
- ↑ Justice League of America #21 - "Crisis on Earth-One"]]
- ↑ Justice League of America #22 - "Crisis on Earth-Two"]
- ↑ Atom #8 - "Lockup in the Lethal Lightbulb"
- ↑ Atom #8 - "The Purloined Miniatures"
- ↑ Atom #9 - "The Atom’s Phantom Double"
- ↑ Atom #9 - "The Seaman and the Spyglass"
- ↑ Justice League of America #23 - "Drones of the Queen Bee"
- ↑ Atom #10 - "Ride a Deadly Grenade"
- ↑ Atom #10 - "The Mysterious Swan-Maiden"
- ↑ Justice League of America #24 - "Decoy Missions of the Justice League"
- ↑ Justice League of America #25 - "Outcasts of Infinity"
- ↑ Atom #11 - "Trouble at the Ten-Year Club"
- ↑ Atom #11 - "Voyage to Beyond"
- ↑ Justice League of America #26 - "Four Worlds to Conquer"
- ↑ Atom #12 - "Danger -- Atom-Gun at Work"
- ↑ Atom #12 - "The Gold Hunters of '49"
- ↑ Brave and the Bold #53 - "The Challenge of the Expanding World"
- ↑ Justice League of America #27 - "The 'I' Who Defeated the Justice League"
- ↑ Atom #13 - "Weapon Watches of the Time-Wise Guy"
- ↑ Atom #13 - "I Accuse Ray Palmer -- of Robbery"
- ↑ Green Lantern Vol. 2 #29 - "This World is Mine"
- ↑ Justice League of America #28 - "The Case of the Forbidden Super-Powers"
- ↑ Action Comics #314 - "The Day Superman Became the Flash"
- ↑ Atom #14 - "Revolt of the Atom's Uniform"
- ↑ Brave and the Bold #55 - "Revenge of the Robot Reject"
- ↑ Atom #15 - "Illusions For Sale"
- ↑ Atom #15 - "The Super-Safecracker Who Defied the Law"
- ↑ Justice League of America #31 - "Riddle of the Runaway Room"
- ↑ Aquaman #18 - "The Wife of Aquaman"
- ↑ Atom #16 - "Fate of the Flattened-Out Atom"
- ↑ Justice League of America #32 - "Attack of the Star-Bolt Warrior"
- ↑ Atom #17 - "Case of the Hooded Hijackers"
- ↑ Atom #17 - "Jules Verne's Crystal Ball"
- ↑ Justice League of America #33 - "Enemy from the Timeless World"
- ↑ Justice League of America #34 - "The Deadly Dreams of Doctor Destiny"
- ↑ Atom #18 - "The Hole-in-the-Wall Lawman"
- ↑ Atom #18 - "The Atomic Flea"
- ↑ Atom #19 - "World of the Magic Atom"
- ↑ Justice League of America #36 - "The Case of the Disabled Justice League"
- ↑ Atom #20 - "Challenge of the Computer Crooks"
- ↑ Atom #20 -"The Night of the Little People"
- ↑ Hawkman #9 - "Master Trap of the Matter Master"
- ↑ Justice League of America Vol 1 37 - "Earth -- Without a Justice League"
- ↑ Justice League of America #38 - "Crisis on Earth-A"
- ↑ Atom #21 - "Combat Under Glass"
- ↑ Atom #21 - "The Adventure of the Canceled Birthday"
- ↑ Justice League of America #40 - "Indestructible Creatures of Nightmare Island"
- ↑ Atom #22 - "Bat-Knights of Darkness"
- ↑ Batman #177 - "Two Batmen Too Many"
- ↑ Justice League of America #41 - "The Key-Master of the World"
- ↑ Atom #23 - "Riddle of the Far-Out Robbery"
- ↑ Atom #23 - "Thief with the Tricky Toy"
- ↑ Flash #158 - "The One-Man Justice League"
- ↑ Justice League of America #42 - "Metamorpho Says -- No"
- ↑ Atom #24 - "The Atom-Destruction of Earth"
- ↑ Justice League of America #44 - "The Plague That Struck the Justice League"
- ↑ Atom #25 - "The Man in the Ion Mask"
- ↑ Atom #25 - "The Spy Who Went Out for the Gold"
- ↑ Justice League of America #45 - "The Super-Struggle Against Shaggy Man"
- ↑ Atom #26 - "The Eye-Popping Perils of the Insect Bandit"
- ↑ Justice League of America #46 - "Crisis Between Earth-One and Earth-Two"
- ↑ Justice League of America #47 - "The Bridge Between Earths"
- ↑ Atom #27 - "Beauty and the Beast-Gang"
- ↑ Atom #27 - "Stowaway on a Hot-Air Balloon"
- ↑ Justice League of America #50 - "The Lord of Time Attacks the 20th Century"
- ↑ Atom #28 - "Time-Standstill Thefts"
- ↑ Atom #28 - "The 100,000 'Atoms' of Ivy Town"
- ↑ Atom #29 - "The Thinker's Earth-Shaking Robberies"
- ↑ Justice League of America #51 - "Z -- as in Zatanna -- and Zero Hour"
- ↑ Atom #30 - "Daze of the Bat-Knights"
- ↑ Justice League of America #53 - "Secret Behind the Stolen Super-Weapons"
- ↑ Atom #31 - "Good Man, Bad Man – Turnabout Thief"
- ↑ Justice League of America #54 - "History-Making Costumes of the Royal Flush Gang"
- ↑ Atom #32 - "The Up and Down Dooms of the Atom"
- ↑ Superman #199 - "Superman's Race with the Flash"
- ↑ Brave and the Bold #73 - "Galg the Destroyer"
- ↑ Atom #33 - "Amazing Arsenal of the Atom-Assassin"
- ↑ Detective Comics #368 - "The Treacherous Time-Trap"
- ↑ Atom #34 - "Little Man -- You've Had a Big-Gang Day"
- ↑ Flash #175 - "The Race to the End of the Universe"
- ↑ Atom #35 - "Plight of the Pin-Up Atom"
- ↑ Atom #35 - "Col. Blood Steals the Crown Jewels"
- ↑ Justice League of America #60 - "Winged Warriors of the Immortal Queen"
- ↑ Justice League of America #61 - "Operation:Jail the Justice League"
- ↑ Atom #36 - "Duel Between the Dual Atoms"
- ↑ Brave and the Bold #77 - "So Thunders the Cannoneer"
- ↑ Justice League of America #62 - "Panic from a Blackmail Box"
- ↑ Atom #37 - "Meet Major Mynah"
- ↑ Justice League of America #63 - "Time Signs a Death-Warrant for the Justice League"
- ↑ Justice League of America #240 - "The Future Ain't What It Used to Be"
- ↑ Atom #38 - "Sinister Stopover... Earth"
- ↑ Justice League of America #65 - "T.O. Morrow Kills the Justice League -- Today"
- ↑ Atom and Hawkman #39 - "Vengeance of the Silver Vulture"
- ↑ Justice League of America #66 - "Divided -- They Fall"
- ↑ Atom and Hawkman #40 - "The Explosive Exploit of the Split-Atom"
- ↑ Atom and Hawkman #41 - "Return of the Seven-Year Dead Man"
- ↑ Justice League of America #69 - "A Matter of Menace"
- ↑ Justice League of America #70 - "Versus the Creeper"
- ↑ Atom and Hawkman #42 - "When Gods Make Madness"
- ↑ Justice League of America #71 - "...and So My World Ends"
- ↑ Atom and Hawkman #43 - "Buzzin', Buzzin' -- Who's Got the Buzzin'?"
- ↑ Justice League of America #72 - "13 Days to Doom"
- ↑ Atom and Hawkman #44 - "Hate is Where You Find It"
- ↑ Justice League of America #73 - "Star Light, Star Bright -- Death Star I See Tonight"
- ↑ Justice League of America #74 - "Where Death Fears to Tread"
- ↑ Atom and Hawkman #45 - "Queen Jean, Why Must We Die?"
- ↑ Justice League of America #72 - "In Each Man There is a Demon"
- ↑ Justice League of America #77 - "Snapper Carr -- Super-Traitor!"
- ↑ Justice League of America #78
- ↑ Justice League of America #78 - "The Coming of the Doomsters"
- ↑ Justice League of America #79 - "Come Slowly Death, Come Slyly!"
- ↑ Justice League of America #80 - "Night of the Soul-Stealer!"
- ↑ Justice League of America #81 - "Plauge of the Galactic Jest-Master
- ↑ Justice League of America #82 - "Peril of the Paired Planets"
- ↑ Justice League of America #82 - "Where Valor Fails... Will Magic Triumph?"
- ↑ Sword of the Atom #1
- ↑ Sword of the Atom #2
- ↑ Sword of the Atom #3
- ↑ Sword of the Atom #4
- ↑ Sword of the Atom Special #1
- ↑ Sword of the Atom Special #2
- ↑ Crisis on Infinite Earths #4
- ↑ Crisis on Infinite Earths #5
- ↑ Crisis on Infinite Earths #8
- ↑ Crisis on Infinite Earths #9
- ↑ Crisis on Infinite Earths #10
- ↑ Secret Origins #29, Power of the Atom
- ↑ Power of the Atom #17
- ↑ Power of the Atom #18
- ↑ Suicide Squad #44
- ↑ Suicide Squad #61
- ↑ JLA #27
- ↑ Zero Hour #3
- ↑ Zero Hour #1, see excerpt
- ↑ Identity Crisis #1
- ↑ Identity Crisis #3
- ↑ Identity Crisis #6
- ↑ Countdown to Final Crisis #6
- ↑ Countdown to Final Crisis #5
- ↑ Countdown to Final Crisis #4
- ↑ Countdown to Final Crisis #3
- ↑ Countdown to Final Crisis #2
- ↑ Countdown to Final Crisis #1
- ↑ The All-New Atom #25
- ↑ Final Crisis #7
- ↑ Blackest Night #1
- ↑ Blackest Night #2
- ↑ Blackest Night #3
- ↑ Blackest Night #6
- ↑ The Atom and Hawkman #46 (January 2010)
- ↑ Atom and Hawkman #43
- ↑ Showcase #34
- ↑ Atom #19
  This character has been a member of the Justice League of America, or the Justice League in any of its various incarnations, sworn by a duty to act as guardians of America and the world by using their skills and/or superpowers to protect Earth from the clutches of both interstellar and domestic threats. |